Drain and drain-tile



fin Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.- P. M. MARQUIS.

DRAIN AND DRAIN TILE.

N0. 320,667. Patented June 23; 1885.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. F. M. MARQUIS.

DRAIN AND DRAIN TILE.

No. 320,667 I N d ggented June 23, 1885 i WT i- 1 mi {*Q 3 8 {Q 772% as; efi

} N. PETERS. FholoLKhngnphur. Walhingtom n. c.

UNITnn STATES PATENT Prion.

FRANCIS MARQUIS, OF ZANESFIELD, OHIO.

DRAIN AND DRAIN-TILE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 320,667, dated June 23, 1885,

Application filed October 3, $84. (No mode.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. Manours, of Zanesfield, in the county of Logan and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drains and Drain-Tiles; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and'exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in drains and drain-tiles; and it consists, first, in the combination,with a drain-tile which is composed of two sections of a cylinder that are provided with outwardly projecting flanges, of blocks which are adapted to be placed in between said tiles for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the drain; second, in the combination,with an inclined subterranean drain which is formed of tiles, of a water pipe which is located beneath said drain, and which is connected at its upper end to a perforated tile which forms a part of the drain, and which has its lower end bent upward, so as to extend above the level of the ground at a level lower than its upper end, a tank which is located beneath said discharge end, a drain-pipe which connects the tank with the drain, and perforated tiles which form a portion of the drain, and which allow the water from the earth to percolate through into the drain, as will be more fully described hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of one form of my drain. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a modified form thereof. Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the enlarging-blocks in position between the sections of the tile. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the manner of placing the tile in the ditch, and the relation of the waterpipe thereto. Fig. 5 is a similar view of a modified form of my invention, in which the flanges project inwardly, and in which the sections are formed a horseshoe shape. Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section illustrating my mode of forming a drain.

A represents a drain-tube which is formed of the two sections B. These sections are composed of clay or other pottery material, and form each the half of a cylinder, as shown.

WVhen laying the tiles in position in the bottom of the drain, I place the lower sections in the bottom of the drain first, and then place the upper sections thereon, and so arrange them that the joints of the upper sections are out of line with the joints of the lower sections, as shown at Fig. 6. By thus forming a drain-tile in semi-cylindrical sections, I am enabled to place them in the ditch more expeditiously than when the sections are cylindrical, and the cost of manufacturing them is very greatly reduced. Moreover, this enables me to place tiles in atrench that is made wider at the bottom than at the top, when the width of the trench at the top is less than the diameter of the drain that is to be placed in it. For instance, ten-inch tiles could thus be placed in a seven 'or eight inch trench. Another advantage gained is that the water enters the drain through the joints of the sections of tile, and thus facilitates the drainage of the soil. In order to strengthen the tiles and form wider bearing surfaces, I form flanges O at the edges of the sections where they meet, and the lower of these flanges bear upon bearing-surfaces D, which may be formed in the trench, as shown at Fig. 4:. Should it be desired to increase the capacity of the drain without the necessity of enlarging the trench and substituting tiles of greater diameters than those which have been already employed, I provide sectional blocks E, which may be formed of wood, clay, or any other suitable material, and which are adapted to be placed between the edges of the sections of the tile, as shown at Fig. 3. These blocks add to the capacity of the tile in proportion to their'own width. Thus, if blocks two inches in diameter are placed between tiles that are six inches in diameter the capacity of the drain will be increased twelve inches, and this without the necessity of removing the old tiles and substituting larger ones in their stead.

In many instances it will be found advantageous to use the sectional blocks in connection with the tiles when laying the drain in the first instance, as a drain of a given capacity, within a certain limit, can be obtained by using small tiles in connection with the blocks much more cheaply than by making a I I distances apart.

If desired, the sections of the tile, instead of forming each the half of a cylinder, may be horseshoe-shaped, as shown at Fig. 5, and may be provided with inwardly-projecting flanges, G, instead of outwardly-projecting flanges, as hereinbefore described.

In Fig. 5 Iillustrate a mode of constructing a draintile in which H represents the surface of the ground to be drained, which is here shown as being inclined. A trench, I, of suitable depth is dug, and in the bottom of this trench is placed the drain, which may be composed of any of the forms of tile hereinbefore described.

K represents sections of the tiles, which are perforated, and which are placed at suitable These perforations may be formed by mixing cut timothy, hay, spear or peppermint stalks, or straws of any suitable kind in with the clay which is to form the tiles while being mixed. \Vhen the tile is burned the stalks or straws are consumed, and this leaves perforations in the tile. Above these perforations are left, when the trench is filled, the shafts L, which extend to the surface of the ground, and these shafts are filled with coarse sand or fine gravel, or any other suitable material which will allow the water to filter rapidly into the drain. On the lower side of each of these shafts is formed a dam, M, for the purpose of collecting the surfacewater and causing it to sink through the shafts into the drain.

When springs or water-veins exist in the earth, or when it is desired to utilize a portion of the drainage-water as it passes through the drain, and when it is desired to use such Water, I provide the drain with the under perforated section, N, which is located at a suitable elevation, and from this section extends a metallic or other suitable water-pipe, O, whichis located in a channel, P, that is formed in the bottom of the trench, as shown at Fig. 4, and which extends down under the drain for a suitable distance. The lower end of this pipe is turned up, as at R, and its discharge end, S,'extends up above the surface of the ground, but in a line below the level of the section N. This discharge end is located above the tank T, from which tank, and connected thereto at a suitable level, is placed a drainpipe, V, which is connected to the drain, and which serves to carry off the water from the tank.

A drain thus constructed is exceedingly efficient, disposes of all of the surface-water effectually, and renders the fresh spring-water or a portion of the drainagewater availa ble for use in watering stock or other purposes.

I have described the perforated tiles heretofore as being constructed of clay; but I do not wish to limit myself to this construction, as it is evident that iron or any other suitable material may be employed for this purpose, which will answer equally as well.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. The combination of a drain-tile which is composed of segmental sections with blocks which are adapted to be placed between the bearing-edges of said sections for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the tile, substantially as described.

2. Thec0mbination,with adrain-tilewhich is composed of segmental sections provided with bearing-flanges, of blocks which are adapted to be placed between said bearing-flanges for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the tile, substantially as described.

3. A subterranean drain which is provided with perforated sections, shafts which extend from said perforated sections to the surface, and which shafts are filled with sand, gravel, or other suitable filtering material, and dams which are located at the lower side of said shafts, for the purpose set forth, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a subterranean drain, of a perforated section which forms a part of the drain, and awater-pipe which is connected to said sect-ion and which extends along the drain, the lower end of said pipe being bent upward and brought above the surface of the ground at a level lower than its upper end, substantially as described.

5. The combination of a subterranean drain which is provided with a perforated section which forms a part of the drain, a water-pipe which is connected to said perforated section, and which extends along the drain, the lower end of said pipe being brought above the surface of the ground, a tank which is located beneath the discharge end of the pipe, and a drain-pipe which connects the tank with the drain, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANCIS M. MARQUIS.

Witnesses:

J AMES F. PLUMMER, M. V. BLACKBURN. 

